The couple had helped write guidelines for health care in South Africa’s Freedom Charter, the 1955 statement of principles by the A.N.C. Stein, staunch supporters of the A.N.C., resigned in protest. Susser if he went ahead with a scheduled appearance on a panel sponsored by the anti-apartheid African National Congress. They worked there for three years, until, in 1955, the clinic’s board threatened to fire Dr. The couple, part of a leftist social set in Johannesburg, started their work at the clinic in Alexandra Township in 1952. While in medical school, they organized a protest over the treatment of Black students, who were barred from observing autopsies of white cadavers. Susser also studied medicine there, and the two married in 1949. She attended the University of Cape Town for her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in history, and earned her medical degree in 1950 from the University of Witwatersrand. Her father, Philip Stein, was a mathematics professor at Natal Technical College, which became the Durban University of Technology. Her mother, Lily (Rolnick) Stein, was a homemaker. Zena Athene Stein was born on July 7, 1922, in Durban, South Africa, to a family of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants. government to recommend daily folic acid supplements during gestation.
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Further studies by other scientists using the data pointed to folate, or the various forms of vitamin B9, as a key nutrient during pregnancy, and led the U.S. The Dutch famine data had implications for research on prenatal nutrition. (Later research, however, showed possible links between prenatal famine exposure and congenital nervous system problems.) In a finding that countered the accepted wisdom, they showed that babies born during a famine were no more likely to experience cognitive deficiencies than babies raised with plentiful food. The study was based on government data assembled and examined by Dr. Stein often spoke of her most treasured accomplishment: a seminal study in 1972 on a nine-month stretch of famine in the Netherlands during World War II. “On the scientific level, it reflects their commitment to an analysis of human health centered both on the immediate environment and larger society,” they wrote, adding, “On a deeper level of conscience and morality, it signals their unwavering commitment to social justice.”ĭr. Susser in the journal Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, the researchers Richard Neugebauer and Nigel Paneth wrote that the Lancet article “presages enduring themes” in the couple’s work. Stein helped develop are still in use today.
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The clinic taught patients and family members, for example, how to care for illnesses at home and pregnant women how to improve nutrition. In one of their first articles, written with collaborators and appearing in the scientific journal The Lancet, they demonstrated that melding medical care and social support made people healthier. Susser.Įarly in their careers, the couple ran a clinic in the South African township of Alexandra, near Johannesburg, with another husband-and-wife medical team. Stein is listed as the author or co-author of 270 academic articles and several books, including “Eras in Epidemiology: The Evolution of Ideas” (2009), which she wrote with Dr. Mervyn Susser, worked as a team and conducted hundreds of studies, many of which shaped the field of epidemiology and community health care. She was also well known for her research on child development and on mental illness. Stein’s research focused closely on women’s health at a time when the bulk of scientific study spotlighted men. Those backdrops shaped her approach to epidemiology: She aimed to identify the social, economic and political conditions that can affect the health of a population as well as individuals, an approach known as social medicine or community-based medicine.ĭr. Stein came of age in South Africa during World War II and started her career in the early years of institutionalized apartheid. Her daughter Ida Susser confirmed her death.ĭr. Zena Stein, a South African-born epidemiologist whose influential work encompassed the effects of famine on children, the health of entire communities afflicted by poverty and the impact of the AIDS crisis on women in Africa, died on Nov.